{"id":2892,"date":"2026-04-06T02:18:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T02:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eatnobis.com\/?p=2892"},"modified":"2026-10-18T16:57:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T16:57:03","slug":"as-plantas-que-a-agricultura-industrial-deixou-para-tras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eatnobis.com\/pt\/resources\/the-plants-industrial-agriculture-left-behind\/","title":{"rendered":"As plantas que a agricultura industrial deixou para tr\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Um n\u00famero que talvez surpreenda: desde o in\u00edcio da agricultura, os seres humanos j\u00e1 comeram cerca de 7.000 esp\u00e9cies de plantas diferentes.1<\/sup>Sete mil. Pare e pense nisso por um instante.<\/h5>

Hoje, apenas 17 esp\u00e9cies fornecem 90% dos alimentos do mundo.2<\/sup> Um pequeno grupo de nove culturas, entre elas cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar, milho, arroz e trigo, responde por mais de 66% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola mundial em peso.3<\/sup><\/p>

Passamos de 7.000 plantas para 17 culturas que fazem quase todo o trabalho. E as plantas deixadas de lado? Muitas eram mais nutritivas do que as que permaneceram.<\/p>

N\u00e3o foi uma quest\u00e3o de nutri\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>

As culturas que dominam o sistema alimentar de hoje n\u00e3o venceram porque eram as melhores para a sa\u00fade humana. Venceram porque funcionavam para a agricultura industrial.<\/p>

Podiam ser cultivadas em fileiras enormes e uniformes. Colhidas por m\u00e1quinas. Embaladas, transportadas e armazenadas por meses sem estragar. Vendidas em mercados globais que precisavam de oferta constante e previs\u00edvel.<\/p>

Plantas que n\u00e3o se encaixavam nesse modelo, por mais nutritivas que fossem e por mais tempo que as comunidades as consumissem, foram silenciosamente abandonadas. N\u00e3o porque algu\u00e9m tenha decidido que eram inferiores. Simplesmente porque n\u00e3o davam escala.<\/p>

Desde o in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo 20, cerca de 75% da diversidade gen\u00e9tica vegetal se perdeu. Mais de 90% das variedades que antes existiam nas lavouras dos agricultores desapareceram.4,5<\/sup> Uma revis\u00e3o de 2024 publicada na Nutrition Reviews<\/em> descreveu o resultado de forma clara: o sistema alimentar moderno levou \u00e0 \u201csuperprodu\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas com valor nutricional insatisfat\u00f3rio, enquanto esp\u00e9cies vegetais ricas em nutrientes usadas em \u00e9pocas anteriores permanecem negligenciadas.\u201d6<\/sup><\/p>

Em outras palavras, otimizamos para log\u00edstica, n\u00e3o para nutri\u00e7\u00e3o. E essa lacuna se reflete em nossa sa\u00fade. Pesquisadores est\u00e3o cada vez mais associando esse estreitamento da dieta ao aumento das taxas de defici\u00eancia de micronutrientes e doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas em todo o mundo.7,8<\/sup><\/p>

O Brasil tinha um nome para o que ficou para tr\u00e1s<\/h4>

Enquanto a oferta global de alimentos se estreitava, algo diferente acontecia no Brasil.<\/p>

Comunidades rurais, especialmente povos ind\u00edgenas e pequenos agricultores, continuaram a se alimentar de uma variedade muito maior de plantas. Plantas que cresciam espontaneamente \u00e0 beira das estradas e nas bordas das matas. Plantas que seus av\u00f3s j\u00e1 comiam. Plantas sem lugar em nenhum supermercado, mas que sustentaram pessoas por gera\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>

Em 2007, um bot\u00e2nico brasileiro chamado Valdely Kinupp decidiu que essas plantas mereciam um nome adequado. Em sua tese de doutorado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ele cunhou o termo plantas aliment\u00edcias n\u00e3o convencionais<\/em> conhecidas como PANCs.9<\/sup> O nome diz tudo. N\u00e3o s\u00e3o ex\u00f3ticas. N\u00e3o s\u00e3o superalimentos. S\u00e3o apenas plantas comest\u00edveis, muitas vezes muito nutritivas, que o sistema alimentar dominante deixa de lado.<\/p>

O Brasil \u00e9 um dos pa\u00edses com maior riqueza de plantas do planeta e abriga cerca de 15% a 20% da diversidade biol\u00f3gica mundial.10<\/sup> Mesmo no Brasil, por\u00e9m, a maior parte das plantas comest\u00edveis passa despercebida. Em seu cat\u00e1logo de 2014, os bot\u00e2nicos Kinupp e Lorenzi identificaram 351 plantas com potencial aliment\u00edcio que os brasileiros, em grande parte, haviam esquecido ou nem sabiam que podiam comer.11<\/sup> Em 2017, o Instituto Kair\u00f3s publicou o Guia Pr\u00e1tico de PANC<\/em>, um manual de refer\u00eancia sobre plantas aliment\u00edcias n\u00e3o convencionais.12<\/sup><\/p>

O que torna as PANCs interessantes n\u00e3o \u00e9 s\u00f3 o valor nutricional. \u00c9 a resili\u00eancia. Muitas crescem com pouqu\u00edssimo cuidado, se adaptam \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es locais e prosperam onde a agricultura convencional nem olha. A FAO classificou formalmente algumas plantas negligenciadas como \u201cFuture Smart Food\u201d (alimentos inteligentes para o futuro), definidas como esp\u00e9cies ricas em nutrientes, resilientes ao clima, economicamente vi\u00e1veis e dispon\u00edveis localmente.13<\/sup><\/p>

Ora pro n\u00f3bis: a PANC que as comunidades se recusaram a esquecer<\/h4>

Entre os milhares de PANCs do Brasil, uma se destaca: Pereskia aculeata<\/em> Miller, conhecida como ora pro n\u00f3bis.<\/p>

\u00c9 uma hortali\u00e7a folhosa da fam\u00edlia dos cactos, de folhas macias, trepadeira e nativa da regi\u00e3o da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica. \u00c9 consumida em Minas Gerais e arredores desde o per\u00edodo colonial.<\/p>

As folhas cont\u00eam uma mucilagem natural, uma fibra sol\u00favel formadora de gel composta por arabinogalactana, um polissacar\u00eddeo complexo.14,15<\/sup><\/p>

As folhas tamb\u00e9m cont\u00eam compostos antioxidantes, como carotenoides (entre eles betacaroteno, lute\u00edna e violaxantina), flavonoides e compostos fen\u00f3licos, al\u00e9m de minerais como magn\u00e9sio, c\u00e1lcio, ferro e mangan\u00eas.14,15<\/sup><\/p>

Ent\u00e3o, por que voc\u00ea nunca ouviu falar dela?<\/h5>

Porque ela n\u00e3o se encaixa no modelo industrial. As folhas s\u00e3o delicadas e n\u00e3o aguentam transporte em grande escala. A planta se desenvolve melhor em pequenas hortas de policultivo cuidadas \u00e0 m\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o em monoculturas operadas por m\u00e1quinas. Tudo o que a ind\u00fastria de alimentos precisa, ela n\u00e3o \u00e9.<\/p>

A planta sobreviveu porque as pessoas continuaram a cultiv\u00e1-la e com\u00ea-la, com ou sem mercado. At\u00e9 o nome guarda uma pitada de travessura. Vem do latim ora pro nobis, \u201crogai por n\u00f3s\u201d, um verso de uma ladainha cat\u00f3lica. Segundo o folclore brasileiro, a ladainha era longa, a cerca viva junto ao muro da igreja estava cheia de folhas e, enquanto os fi\u00e9is mantinham os olhos no altar, pessoas escravizadas sa\u00edam pela porta lateral e colhiam o que queriam. Cada vez que o padre chegava ao \u201cora pro nobis\u201d, mais um punhado sumia. O nome pegou. A planta tamb\u00e9m.<\/p>

Foi um ato de resist\u00eancia. E acabou sendo tamb\u00e9m um ato de sabedoria nutricional.<\/p>

O que isso significa hoje<\/h4>

A ci\u00eancia est\u00e1 cada vez mais clara: comer uma variedade restrita de alimentos n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas entediante, tem consequ\u00eancias reais. Uma dieta menos diversa significa menos micronutrientes, menos variedade de fibras, menos compostos vegetais protetores e, com o tempo, maior risco de doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas que agora s\u00e3o as principais causas de morte na maioria dos pa\u00edses.<\/p>

As PANCs n\u00e3o s\u00e3o modismo nem interesse de nicho. Fazem parte de uma discuss\u00e3o crescente na ci\u00eancia dos alimentos e na agricultura sobre como construir um sistema alimentar mais nutritivo e mais resiliente, que aproveite o conhecimento bot\u00e2nico deixado para tr\u00e1s pela agricultura industrial.8<\/sup><\/p>

Our ora pro nobis comes from two small farmers in Paran\u00e1, neighbors who share their resources. They grew it for their own families, the way families in the region have for generations, and were already selling it in Brazil when we found them. They still do. We buy directly from them, and the leaves are dried and milled into powder for people in the US who never had access to it before.<\/p>

Uma planta que, para a agricultura industrial, n\u00e3o valia a pena produzir em escala, e comunidades que sabiam que valia a pena preserv\u00e1-la.<\/p>

Fontes<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Biodiversity and Nutrition: A Common Path<\/em>. FAO Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division. Acesso em 13 de outubro de 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fileadmin\/templates\/food_composition\/documents\/upload\/Interodocumento.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Effect of human activity on biodiversity: food security. FAO. Acesso em 13 de outubro de 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/agriculture\/crops\/thematic-sitemap\/theme\/spi\/soil-biodiversity\/effect-of-human-activity-on-biodiversity\/food-security\/en\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Third Report on the State of the World\u2019s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: In Brief<\/em>. FAO; 2025. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/items\/368ec1f9-0897-4c37-b6c7-a65678ebb4b8<\/a>. Relat\u00f3rio completo: doi:10.4060\/cd4711en<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. What is agrobiodiversity? In: Building on Gender, Agrobiodiversity and Local Knowledge: A Training Manual<\/em>. FAO; 2004. Acesso em 13 de outubro de 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/y5609e\/y5609e02.htm<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. B\u00e9langer J, Pilling D, eds. The State of the World\u2019s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture<\/em>. FAO; 2019. doi:10.4060\/CA3129EN<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Knez M, Rani\u0107 M, Gurinovi\u0107 M. Underutilized plants increase biodiversity, improve food and nutrition security, reduce malnutrition, and enhance human health and well-being. Let\u2019s put them back on the plate! Nutr Rev<\/em>. 2024;82(8):1111-1124. doi:10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad103<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Ali A, Bhattacharjee B. Nutrition security, constraints, and agro-diversification strategies of neglected and underutilized crops to fight global hidden hunger. Front Nutr<\/em>. 2023;10:1144439. doi:10.3389\/fnut.2023.1144439<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Purba NH, Krishnaswamy K. Exploring the potentials of neglected underutilized crops (NUCs): an integrative review for developing a sustainable food system model. NPJ Sci Food<\/em>. 2025;9(1):199. doi:10.1038\/s41538-025-00554-0<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Kinupp VF. Plantas aliment\u00edcias n\u00e3o-convencionais da regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS<\/em>. Tese de doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2007. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10183\/12870<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Convention on Biological Diversity. Brazil: country profile. Acesso em 13 de outubro de 2026. https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/countries\/profile?country=br<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Kinupp VF, Lorenzi H. Plantas Aliment\u00edcias N\u00e3o Convencionais (PANC) no Brasil: Guia de Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Aspectos Nutricionais e Receitas Ilustradas<\/em>. Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora; 2014.<\/li>\n
  12. Ranieri GR, coord. Guia Pr\u00e1tico de PANC: Plantas Aliment\u00edcias N\u00e3o Convencionais<\/em>. Instituto Kair\u00f3s; 2017. Acesso em 13 de outubro de 2026. https:\/\/ikairos.org.br\/publicacoes\/guia-pratico-de-panc-2\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Li X, Siddique KHM, eds. Future Smart Food: Rediscovering Hidden Treasures of Neglected and Underutilized Species for Zero Hunger in Asia<\/em>. FAO; 2018. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/handle\/20.500.14283\/I8907EN<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Silva NFN, Silva SH, Baron D, Neves ICO, Casanova F. Pereskia aculeata<\/em> Miller as a novel food source: a review. Foods<\/em>. 2023;12(11):2092. doi:10.3390\/foods12112092<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Takeiti CY, Antonio GC, Motta EMP, Collares-Queiroz FP, Park KJ. Nutritive evaluation of a non-conventional leafy vegetable (Pereskia aculeata<\/em> Miller). Int J Food Sci Nutr<\/em>. 2009;60(suppl 1):148-160. doi:10.1080\/09637480802534509<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Here\u2019s a number that might surprise you: since farming began, people have eaten about 7,000 different plant species.1Seven thousand. Think about that for a second. Today, just 17 species provide 90% of the world\u2019s food supply.2 A small group of nine crops, including sugar cane, maize, rice, and wheat, accounts for over 66% of global […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nnobis | The Plants Industrial Agriculture Left Behind<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Humans have eaten about 7,000 plant species, yet 17 now feed the world. How Brazil kept its forgotten food plants, ora pro nobis among them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eatnobis.com\/pt\/recursos\/as-plantas-que-a-agricultura-industrial-deixou-para-tras\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"nobis | The Plants Industrial Agriculture Left Behind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Humans have eaten about 7,000 plant species, yet 17 now feed the world. 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